Storage of electric power

The biggest problem of photovoltaic is to bring offer and demand together. Study about possible solutions.

There are 4 order of magnitude at time ranges where balancing has to be achieved.

Time range	Seconds to hours	Day Night	Days to weeks	Summer Winter
Reason	Weather	Earth rotation	Weather	Tilt of planet Earth
Offset in grid	possible	very limited	very limited
Vehicle to Grid and Storage power plants	possilbe	possible
Adjust demand	Dynamic prices and load management
GuD power plants		rare	sometimes	very often

Primary electric power and useable electric power

So far, there was primary energy and useable energy like elektric power. For example 1 kg coal burned, 10 kWh primary energy and the reuslt is 3 kWh electric power as useable energy.

Analog to this, there will be the term primary electric power and useable electric power. For example 2,5 kWh for hydrogen and liquification to make in a Gud hydrogen power plant 1 kWh useable electric power in winter.

Editorial of PEGE
	Important questions about the future, reports and possible solutions. PEGE as an independent analyst of facts and designer of long term strategies outside of short sighted populisms.

Hydrogen
	Where will hydrogen as a storage medium determine our energy future and where will the hydrogen technology fail by more suitable methods?

Energy for the future

Who has energy can solve problems. Examples over methods and magnitudes for the future energy supply of mankind.

Replace crude oil by electric power
The amount of electric power to replace an unit of fossile energy can, depending on application, be complete different.

Replace crude oil by photovoltaic
From all methods to produce energy is only with photovoltaic the magnitude reachable necessary to solve the problems of humanity.

Scenarios of energy development
Description for the 4 different szenarios of photovoltaik world market development. Explanation for the increasing amount of electric power to replace 1 litre of crude oil.

Photovoltaic 30% yearly increase
Against the prognosis of the Energy Watch Group, reduction of the crude oil production to 39 million barrels a day in 2030, is a 30% increase of the photovoltaic world market not enough.

Photovoltaic world production 50% yearly plus
This szenario shows until 2020 a 50% yearly increase of production and later of 20% per year. To avoid an oil crisis would be a more fast increase better.

War economy: extreme increase of photovoltaic world production
From 2010 to 2014 radical increase of the photovoltaic world production with 200% per year until 1000 GW yearly production is reached, further extension with 10% per year.

Rationality 1992
What would be, if starting with 1992, the year I invented the GEMINI house, the photovoltaic world production would have been increased by 60% per year?

Difference 2018
The prognosis for the crude oil production in 2018 is 63 million barrel per day. How much we pay for this, how hard we are hit by a recession, decides the politic today.

Biomass in the change of time
Biomass is in the present seen as a supplier for energy, but this will change in the future to a supplier of raw material requiring energy for processing.

Biomass wood
The wood ofen will become a luxury, instead of 4,3 kWh heat by burning, we will invest 10 kWh electric power to produce 1,65 methanol from 1 kg wood.

Dessert and dry areas
A sea water desalination system supplied by solar electric power near the shore needs for the photovoltaic only 0.8% of the surface to irrigate with 500mm water a year.

CO2 Carbon dioxide reduction
It is not enough to reduce the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere. It is necessary to reduce the CO2 contained in the atmosphere to the amount in 1900.

5 kWh Lithium batteries per kW photovoltaic
At an fast increase of photovoltaic, it will be soon necessary to store electric power and to feed the power equable in the power grid.

Context description: future energy electric power supply use electricity usage event events date time month 2 Feb February winter 2008-02

Replace crude oil by electric power
	The amount of electric power to replace an unit of fossile energy can, depending on application, be complete different.

Replace crude oil by photovoltaic
	From all methods to produce energy is only with photovoltaic the magnitude reachable necessary to solve the problems of humanity.

Scenarios of energy development
	Description for the 4 different szenarios of photovoltaik world market development. Explanation for the increasing amount of electric power to replace 1 litre of crude oil.

Photovoltaic 30% yearly increase
	Against the prognosis of the Energy Watch Group, reduction of the crude oil production to 39 million barrels a day in 2030, is a 30% increase of the photovoltaic world market not enough.

Photovoltaic world production 50% yearly plus
	This szenario shows until 2020 a 50% yearly increase of production and later of 20% per year. To avoid an oil crisis would be a more fast increase better.

War economy: extreme increase of photovoltaic world production
	From 2010 to 2014 radical increase of the photovoltaic world production with 200% per year until 1000 GW yearly production is reached, further extension with 10% per year.

Rationality 1992
	What would be, if starting with 1992, the year I invented the GEMINI house, the photovoltaic world production would have been increased by 60% per year?

Difference 2018
	The prognosis for the crude oil production in 2018 is 63 million barrel per day. How much we pay for this, how hard we are hit by a recession, decides the politic today.

Biomass in the change of time
	Biomass is in the present seen as a supplier for energy, but this will change in the future to a supplier of raw material requiring energy for processing.

Biomass wood
	The wood ofen will become a luxury, instead of 4,3 kWh heat by burning, we will invest 10 kWh electric power to produce 1,65 methanol from 1 kg wood.

Dessert and dry areas
	A sea water desalination system supplied by solar electric power near the shore needs for the photovoltaic only 0.8% of the surface to irrigate with 500mm water a year.

CO2 Carbon dioxide reduction
	It is not enough to reduce the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere. It is necessary to reduce the CO2 contained in the atmosphere to the amount in 1900.

5 kWh Lithium batteries per kW photovoltaic
	At an fast increase of photovoltaic, it will be soon necessary to store electric power and to feed the power equable in the power grid.